A:名词性从句
I主从:
为句子平衡,通常在主从用形式主语it,将真正的主语从句移至句末
(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。
(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如:
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
(4) 如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?
三、连词that的省略问题
若that引导的主从位于句首,则that不能省;
若that引导的主从位于句末,在句首有it,that可省:
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
II宾从:
一、引导词
(1)that 引导,动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, a*, expect, hear , feel后,conj-that只起连接作用,不做句子成分。
如:I told him that he was wrong.
Note:
在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,将think 等动词变为否定形式。
如:I don’t think you are right.
(2)if、 whether
一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换。
Note:
1在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
2宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导
3和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导
Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,就是WH开头的,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
二、宾语从句的语序,
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
Note:
有问句作为从句出现不改变语序。
What's the matter? What's wrong? What's up?
III表从
只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是连系动词。
系动词:
1.be
2.状态型:keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
3.像型:seem, appear, look
4.感官型:一看二听三感觉 使让要
5.变化:seem,turn etc
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句
IV同从:
通常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息),problem, question, doubt, thought等。
eg: They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
Note:
① that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省略② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替,
③ 连接代词/副词都可以引导同位语从句